Unit #3B The Americas
Prehistoric American Art
The Americas Before 1850
Art Does: Record cultures, rituals, beliefs, and history
Structures of Power:
Structures of Power:
- Rulers with power to overtake enemies.
- Civic Centers organized around rituals and worship of sun and moon gods
- Human sacrifice and bloodletting appeased the gods and kept the people and rules in good favor with the gods.
SOUTH AMERICA
Chavin Inca
800-200 BCE 1000-1521 CE
Monumental Civic/Religious Sites Mountain top cities- Terracing and irrigation (4 regions = Empire)
Relief Sculpture Record Beliefs Mining and Metalwork- wealth coveted by the Spanish invaders
Network of roadways- moved goods with llama herds + relay communication
Keeping + Clothing to designate rank & status
Chavin Inca
800-200 BCE 1000-1521 CE
Monumental Civic/Religious Sites Mountain top cities- Terracing and irrigation (4 regions = Empire)
Relief Sculpture Record Beliefs Mining and Metalwork- wealth coveted by the Spanish invaders
Network of roadways- moved goods with llama herds + relay communication
Keeping + Clothing to designate rank & status
NORTH AMERICA
Areas of concentration are: Northwest Coast Southwest Plains and Eastern Woodlands
Many native American works of artworks are ritual object to wear and use during special ceremonies, often connected to curing and divining, and are made in a variety of media. The more active (used) a work of art is, the more it is believed to contain and transfer life forces and power.
Harmony with nature, oneness with animals, respect for elders, dream guidance, shamanistic leadership and rituals (such as sun dances and potlatches) that continue cultural traditions and identity.
Areas of concentration are: Northwest Coast Southwest Plains and Eastern Woodlands
Many native American works of artworks are ritual object to wear and use during special ceremonies, often connected to curing and divining, and are made in a variety of media. The more active (used) a work of art is, the more it is believed to contain and transfer life forces and power.
Harmony with nature, oneness with animals, respect for elders, dream guidance, shamanistic leadership and rituals (such as sun dances and potlatches) that continue cultural traditions and identity.
Colonial Influences and Cross-Cultural: Unit #12
MAP CARD & Terms:
- 1492 Italian explorer, Christopher Columbus discovered the americas, later made 3 other expeditions: exploring, conquering, colonizing.
- 1535 Spain conquers & Colonizes the Aztecs (Codex Mendoza)
- Areas divided into provinces lead by a Governor with armies and military
- Viceroyalty (extension of Spanish Empire)
- Viceroy- Title of the Stand-In Spanish King)
- Colonialism- the policy or practice of acquiring full or partial political control over another country, occupying it with settlers, and exploiting it economically.
- Imposing Christianity & blending with indigenous beliefs (Angel with Arabesque, Virgin of Guadalupe)
- Blending and cross-influencing artistic stylistics (Screen with Siege of Belgrade)
- Social hierarchy & marginalization of indigenous population (Spaniard & Indian produce a Mestizo)
- 1619-1865 Timeline of Slavery in the US colonies/Industrial Revolution
- 1821 Mexico won independence from Spain
- Post-Colonialism/Post-Racial Critical Theory (Early 1900's): Broadly a study of the effects of colonialism on cultures and societies. It is concerned with both how European nations conquered and controlled "Third World" cultures and how these groups have since responded to and resisted those encroachments. Three broad stages:
- an initial awareness of the social, psychological, and cultural inferiority enforced by being in a colonized state
- the struggle for ethnic, cultural, and political autonomy
- a growing awareness of cultural overlap and hybridity